Thursday, May 7, 2020

Micrometer | How to take readings from micrometer? | QSQTECH.COM

Micrometer

Micrometer image

Micrometer is a measuring instrument which is used for measurement of length, diameter, depth, and thickness, etc. 
It is a tool used to measure parameters in engineering colleges, workshops, and manufacturing companies. These are in different ranges to measure different parameters.
For example — 0-25 mm, 25-50 mm, 50-75 mm etc.
It is also known as screw gauge. It's least count is generally 0.01 mm. 
It works on the principle of a nut and bolt. 

Why did its necessity? 

This is a very precise instrument. It can take readings in the order of micrometers. It is also a more precise instrument than Vernier Caliper. With this we can also measure very low values accurately. That's why, micrometer was needed here.

It is mainly of two types:
  1. Manual micrometer 
  2. Digital micrometer 
Parts of manual micrometer. 
  • Anvil 
  • Spindle 
  • Lock nut 
  • Main scale / Sleeve 
  • Frame 
  • Circular scale 
  • Thimble 
  • Ratche

Constants of Micrometer

Pitch: 

Pitch is the linear distance advances by the head scale over the main scale. 
It is the linear distance covered by the circular scale in one rotation. 

Pitch (Micrometer)

As shown in picture, 
First, our circular scale was at zero. When, we rotated the circular scale in clockwise direction. Then it went ahead by advance, and after that,  generally, it reached one division ahead. When the circular scale moves one division, the distance which is shown in picture is called pitch. 
If the screw advances by 5 mm for 10 rotations of the cap, then the pitch = 5/10
= 0.05 mm.

Least count: 

The minimum measurement of length is equal to on division on the head scale which is equal to the pitch divided by the total circular scale division. Thus, in the aforesaid illustration, if the total circular scale division is 100,
then, the least count = 0.5 / 100 = 0.005 mm

Formula of Least count = pitch / Number of division of circular scale

How to take reading? 

Micrometer

Total readings = MSR + CSR, 

MSR= Main scale readings 
CSR = Circular scale readings 

Formula in constants of micrometer

Main scale readings (MSR) : 

It is the last mark of main scale before cap (head) of circular scale visible to us. 

Circular scale readings (CSR) : 

It is multiplication of CCSD and least count.
CSR = CCSD × Least count,

CCSD : 

It is mark of circular scale which is exactly coincide with the reference line of main scale. 
Coincide with circular scale (micrometer)

For example: 10 rotations of the cap of a screw gauge is equivalent to 5 mm. Find the least count. The cap has 100 divisions. A reading taken for the diameter of a wire with the screw gauge shows four complete rotations and 35 divisions on the circular scale. Find the diameter of the wire. 

Here, 
10 rotations = 5 mm 
1 rotation = 5/10 = 0.5 mm 
Pitch = 0.5 mm 

Given, 
Number of circular scale division= 100 

Now, 
Least count = Pitch / Number of circular scale division 
Least count = 0.5 / 100 = 0.005 mm 

We will find out the diameter of the wire. 
MSR = 4 rotations × pitch, 
MSR (Main Scale Reading) = 4 × 0.5 mm 
= 2 mm 

CSR = CCSD × Least count, 
Here given, CCSD = 35 × 0.005 = 0.175 mm 

Now, Diameter = MSR + CSR 
Diameter = 2 + 0.175 = 2.175 mm 

We hope you will understand this topic.

Thank you.

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